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Theory X :
1. The average human begin has an inherent dislike of work and will
avoid it if he can.
2. Because of this human characteristic of dislike of work, most people
must be coerced, controlled, directed, threatened with punishment to
get them to put forth adequate effort toward the achievement of
organizational objects.
3. The average human begin prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid
responsibility, has relatively little ambition, wants security above all.
Theory Y :
1. The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as
play or rest...
2. External control and the threat of punishment are not the only means
for bringing about effort toward organizational objectives. Man will
exercise self-direction and self-control in the service of objectives to
which he is committed.
3. Commitment to objectives is a function of the rewardsassociated with
their achievement...
4. The average human begin learns, under proper conditions, not only to
accept but to seek responsibility...
5. The capacity to exercise a relatively high degree of imagination,
ingenuity, and creativity in the solution of organizational problems is
widely, not narrowly, distributed in the population.
6. Under the conditions of modern industrial life, the intellectual
potentialities of the average human begin are only partly utilized.
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